创建 Ubuntu 根文件系统 准备工作 安装 qemu 在 Linux PC 主机上安装模拟器: sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static 下载和解压 ubuntu-core Ubuntu 根文件系统是基于 Ubuntu base 16.04 来创建的。用户可以到 ubuntu cdimg 下载,选择下载 "ubuntu-base-16.04.1-base-arm64.tar.gz"。 下载完之后,创建临时文件夹并解压根文件系统: mkdir temp sudo tar -xpf ubuntu-base-16.04.1-base-arm64.tar.gz -C temp 修改根文件系统 准备工作 准备网络: sudo cp -b /etc/resolv.conf temp/etc/resolv.conf 准备 qemu: sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static temp/usr/bin/ 进入根文件系统进行操作: sudo chroot temp 更新及安装 更新: apt update apt upgrade 安装自己需要的功能 apt install vim git ....(根据自己需求添加) 安装 xubuntu: apt-get install xubuntu-desktop 可能出现错误: E: Unable to locate package xxxx 安装包的源没有添加到 "/etc/apt/source.list" 中,导致无法识别安装包,可以 自行添加源,也可以使用下面给出的 "source.list" 覆盖原来的 "/etc/apt/source.list" 文件: # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security multiverse 添加用户及设置密码 添加用户: useradd -s '/bin/bash' -m -G adm,sudo firefly 给用户设置密码: passwd firefly 给root用户设置密码: passwd root 修改完自己的根文件系统就可以退出了。 exit 制作根文件系统 制作自己的根文件系统,大小依据自己的根文件系统而定,注意依据 "temp" 文 件夹的大小来修改 "count" 值: mkdir rootfs dd if=/dev/zero of=linuxroot.img bs=1M count=4000 mkfs.ext4 linuxroot.img sudo mount linuxroot.img rootfs/ sudo cp -rfp temp/* rootfs/ sudo umount rootfs/ e2fsck -p -f linuxroot.img resize2fs -M linuxroot.img 这样 "linuxroot.img" 就是最终的根文件系统映像文件了。 FAQs 根文件系统加载后,大小不正常,未占满整个分区: 在系统正确加载后执行扩展文件系统命令: resize2fs /dev/mtd/by-name/linuxroot