ADB 使用

前言

ADB，全称 Android Debug Bridge，是 Android 的命令行调试工具，可以完成
多种功能，如跟踪系统日志，上传下载文件，安装应用等。

准备连接

使用 Type-C 数据线连接 PC 以及设备的 OTG 端口。


AIO-3588SG 使用OTG连接ADB时，需要接上电池。

网络 ADB

设置 -> 开发者选项 -> 网络 ADB 调试

查看开发板 IP 地址，PC 端通过网络访问：

   adb connect + IP
   adb shell

Windows下的 ADB 安装

首先参照

安装 RK USB 驱动

一节安装好驱动。

然后下载

adb.zip

，解压到 "C:\adb" 以方便调用。

打开命令行窗口，输入：

   cd C:\adb
   adb shell

如果一切正常，就可以进入 "adb shell"，在设备上面运行命令。

Ubuntu 下的 ADB 安装

安装 ADB 工具：

   sudo apt-get install android-tools-adb

加入设备标识：

   mkdir -p ~/.android
   vi ~/.android/adb_usb.ini
   # 添加以下一行
   0x2207

加入 udev 规则：

   sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
   # 添加以下一行：
   SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="2207", MODE="0666"

重新插拔 USB 线，或运行以下命令，让 udev 规则生效：

   sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
   sudo udevadm trigger

重新启动 ADB 服务器

   sudo adb kill-server
   adb start-server

常用 ADB 命令

连接管理

列出所有连接设备及其序列号：

   adb devices

如果有多个连接设备，则需要使用序列号来区分：

   export ANDROID_SERIAL=<设备序列号>
   adb shell ls

多设备下连接指定设备

   adb -s 序列号 shell

可以通过网络来连接 ADB：

   # 让设备端的 adbd 重启，并在 TCP 端口 5555 处监听
   adb tcpip 5555
   # 此时可以断开 USB 连接
   # 远程连接设备，设备的 IP 地址是 192.168.1.100
   adb connect 192.168.1.100:5555
   # 断开连接
   adb disconnect 192.168.1.100:5555

调试

获取系统日志 adb logcat

用法

   adb logcat [选项] [应用标签]

示例

   # 查看全部日志
   adb logcat
   # 仅查看部分日志
   adb logcat -s WifiStateMachine StateMachine

运行命令 adb shell

获取详细运行信息 adb bugreport

"adb bugreport" 用于错误报告，里面包含大量有用的信息。

示例

   adb bugreport
   # 保存到本地，方便用编辑器查看
   adb bugreport >bugreport.txt

root 权限

如果 TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT 使用的是 userdebug 模式，要获得 root 权限，
需要先运行：

   adb shell setprop persist.sys.root_access 3
   adb root

让 ADB 的设备端切换到 root 权限模式，这样 "adb remount" 等需要 root 权
限的命令才会成功。

应用管理

安装应用 adb install

用法：

   adb install [选项] 应用包.apk

选项包括：

   -l forward-lock
   -r 重新安装应用，保留原先数据
   -s 安装到 SD 卡上，而不是内部存储

示例：

   # 安装 facebook.apk
   adb install facebook.apk
   # 升级 twitter.apk
   adb install -r twitter.apk

如果安装成功，工具会返回成功提示 "Success"；失败的话，一般是以下几种情
况:

INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: 此时需要用 -r 参数来重新安装。

INSTALL_FAILED_SIGNATURE_ERROR: 应用的签名不一致，可能是发布版和调试版
签名不同所致。如果确认 APK 文件签名正常，可以用 adb uninstall 命令先卸
载旧的应用，然后再安装。

INSTALL_FAILED_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE: 存储空间不足，需要检查设备存储情
况。

卸载应用 adb uninstall

用法：

   adb uninstall 应用包名称

示例：

   adb uninstall com.android.chrome

应用包名称可以用以下命令列出：

   adb shell pm list packages -f

运行结果是：

   package:/system/app/Bluetooth.apk=com.android.bluetooth

前面是 apk 文件，后面则是对应的包名称。

命令行帮助信息 adb help

   Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.31

    -a                            - directs adb to listen on all interfaces for a connection
    -d                            - directs command to the only connected USB device
                                    returns an error if more than one USB device is present.
    -e                            - directs command to the only running emulator.
                                    returns an error if more than one emulator is running.
    -s <specific device>          - directs command to the device or emulator with the given
                                    serial number or qualifier. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL
                                    environment variable.
    -p <product name or path>     - simple product name like 'sooner', or
                                    a relative/absolute path to a product
                                    out directory like 'out/target/product/sooner'.
                                    If -p is not specified, the ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT
                                    environment variable is used, which must
                                    be an absolute path.
    -H                            - Name of adb server host (default: localhost)
    -P                            - Port of adb server (default: 5037)
    devices [-l]                  - list all connected devices
                                    ('-l' will also list device qualifiers)
    connect <host>[:<port>]       - connect to a device via TCP/IP
                                    Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
    disconnect [<host>[:<port>]]  - disconnect from a TCP/IP device.
                                    Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
                                    Using this command with no additional arguments
                                    will disconnect from all connected TCP/IP devices.

   device commands:
     adb push [-p] <local> <remote>
                                  - copy file/dir to device
                                    ('-p' to display the transfer progress)
     adb pull [-p] [-a] <remote> [<local>]
                                  - copy file/dir from device
                                    ('-p' to display the transfer progress)
                                    ('-a' means copy timestamp and mode)
     adb sync [ <directory> ]     - copy host->device only if changed
                                    (-l means list but don't copy)
                                    (see 'adb help all')
     adb shell                    - run remote shell interactively
     adb shell <command>          - run remote shell command
     adb emu <command>            - run emulator console command
     adb logcat [ <filter-spec> ] - View device log
     adb forward --list           - list all forward socket connections.
                                    the format is a list of lines with the following format:
                                       <serial> " " <local> " " <remote> "\n"
     adb forward <local> <remote> - forward socket connections
                                    forward specs are one of:
                                      tcp:<port>
                                      localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
                                      localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
                                      localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
                                      dev:<character device name>
                                      jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)
     adb forward --no-rebind <local> <remote>
                                  - same as 'adb forward <local> <remote>' but fails
                                    if <local> is already forwarded
     adb forward --remove <local> - remove a specific forward socket connection
     adb forward --remove-all     - remove all forward socket connections
     adb jdwp                     - list PIDs of processes hosting a JDWP transport
     adb install [-l] [-r] [-d] [-s] [--algo <algorithm name> --key <hex-encoded key> --iv <hex-encoded iv>] <file>
                                  - push this package file to the device and install it
                                    ('-l' means forward-lock the app)
                                    ('-r' means reinstall the app, keeping its data)
                                    ('-d' means allow version code downgrade)
                                    ('-s' means install on SD card instead of internal storage)
                                    ('--algo', '--key', and '--iv' mean the file is encrypted already)
     adb uninstall [-k] <package> - remove this app package from the device
                                    ('-k' means keep the data and cache directories)
     adb bugreport                - return all information from the device
                                    that should be included in a bug report.

     adb backup [-f <file>] [-apk|-noapk] [-obb|-noobb] [-shared|-noshared] [-all] [-system|-nosystem] [<packages...>]
                                  - write an archive of the device's data to <file>.
                                    If no -f option is supplied then the data is written
                                    to "backup.ab" in the current directory.
                                    (-apk|-noapk enable/disable backup of the .apks themselves
                                       in the archive; the default is noapk.)
                                    (-obb|-noobb enable/disable backup of any installed apk expansion
                                       (aka .obb) files associated with each application; the default
                                       is noobb.)
                                    (-shared|-noshared enable/disable backup of the device's
                                       shared storage / SD card contents; the default is noshared.)
                                    (-all means to back up all installed applications)
                                    (-system|-nosystem toggles whether -all automatically includes
                                       system applications; the default is to include system apps)
                                    (<packages...> is the list of applications to be backed up.  If
                                       the -all or -shared flags are passed, then the package
                                       list is optional.  Applications explicitly given on the
                                       command line will be included even if -nosystem would
                                       ordinarily cause them to be omitted.)

     adb restore <file>           - restore device contents from the <file> backup archive

     adb help                     - show this help message
     adb version                  - show version num

   scripting:
     adb wait-for-device          - block until device is online
     adb start-server             - ensure that there is a server running
     adb kill-server              - kill the server if it is running
     adb get-state                - prints: offline | bootloader | device
     adb get-serialno             - prints: <serial-number>
     adb get-devpath              - prints: <device-path>
     adb status-window            - continuously print device status for a specified device
     adb remount                  - remounts the /system partition on the device read-write
     adb reboot [bootloader|recovery] - reboots the device, optionally into the bootloader or recovery program
     adb reboot-bootloader        - reboots the device into the bootloader
     adb root                     - restarts the adbd daemon with root permissions
     adb usb                      - restarts the adbd daemon listening on USB
     adb tcpip <port>             - restarts the adbd daemon listening on TCP on the specified port
   networking:
     adb ppp <tty> [parameters]   - Run PPP over USB.
    Note: you should not automatically start a PPP connection.
    <tty> refers to the tty for PPP stream. Eg. dev:/dev/omap_csmi_tty1
    [parameters] - Eg. defaultroute debug dump local notty usepeerdns

   adb sync notes: adb sync [ <directory> ]
     <localdir> can be interpreted in several ways:

     - If <directory> is not specified, both /system and /data partitions will be updated.

     - If it is "system" or "data", only the corresponding partition
       is updated.

   environmental variables:
     ADB_TRACE                    - Print debug information. A comma separated list of the following values
                                    1 or all, adb, sockets, packets, rwx, usb, sync, sysdeps, transport, jdwp
     ANDROID_SERIAL               - The serial number to connect to. -s takes priority over this if given.
     ANDROID_LOG_TAGS             - When used with the logcat option, only these debug tags are printed.